A review of pathophysiology, mortality, risk factors and protective measures of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients with underlying kidney disease and kidney transplant recipients

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the second prevalent organ damage among COVID-19 infected individuals, which mainly affects those with critical diseases or underlying kidney disorders. Emerging data have suggested that AKI is associated with adverse outcomes, severe COVID-19 disease, and high mortality. However, the true nature and pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated kidney injury, and its effect on patients with underlying kidney diseases and transplant recipients, still remains controversial. Accordingly, this review study aimed primarily to describe the history of AKI in COVID-19 infected patients and to achieve a robust understanding of the latest findings on the mechanism of the injury. Secondly, this systematic and precise review of the literature concerning the aspects of AKI in infected patients with chronic kidney disease and transplant recipients provided a comprehensive report of mortality in these individuals. Finally, the present research suggested the possible protective measures that physicians can take to prevent, control, and treat this condition. Our study paves the way for future works with a more robust methodology to better understand COVID-19-related kidney injury. Copyright © 2022 The Author(s);Published by Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention.

Women's Ventures Resilience and COVID-19 Crisis: A Lesson to Success in Time of Crisis

We complement this research by addressing the question of how entrepreneurial ventures can be resilient in the face of adversity in Times of Crisis. First, we conducted a comprehensive web search to find women's entrepreneurial ventures. Based on web search results, we conducted Online interviews with 90 women entrepreneurs working in many types of ventures. Second, we surveyed innovative actions that help women's entrepreneurial ventures resilience. Building on these insights, we identified a variety of innovative actions to help women's entrepreneurial ventures resilience in times of crisis. We identify five specific types of innovative actions to address venture resilience: Preventive and Supportive, Analytical, Financial risk management, Collaborative competition, and Effectual entrepreneurship. We aim to further nuance our understanding of the COVID-19 crisis results as a challenge for women's entrepreneurial ventures. We suggest key insights on ventures resilience for entrepreneurship Policymakers. © 2022, Institute of Economic Sciences. All rights reserved.